Since participants were asked to write down what they remembered immediately after reading the list, the recency effect proved to be more prominent than primacy effect. On the other hand, recency effect may be due to information remaining in short-term memory. Primacy effect may occur because participants transfer the first few words into long-term memory by unconsciously repeating them while reading the rest of the words. The participants also exhibited the primacy effect, but recency effect was more prominent in the result. When the participants were instructed to recall the words, they showed a tendency to better remember the words at the end of the list, demonstrating the recency effect. He showed participants a list of words without informing them that they would later be asked to recall the information. Murdock’s study also yielded similar results.
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